There's a note to boat navigators on how to guide their way by physical features if the bomber runs leave too much in ruins to recognize. Ditches, man-made barriers such as Czech hedgehogs, and gun encampments are laid out in painstaking detail. Its level of detail is both a stunning accomplishment, as a piece of cartography, and a somewhat haunting evocation of the challenges the Allied forces faced. Known as "the Bigot map" (it's just an arbitrary codename), this two-part map was used by invasion forces to plan and launch the attack. One of the amazing things, looking at this map in retrospect, is how much was expended, and how much at stake, in such a small area of land. The orange arrows show the invasion routes of specific American, British, French, and Canadian groups (Canada's battle flag is the red one with the shield). The darkest shade of pink shows the initial landing zone - you can see the famously named beachheads marked out - with lighter shades showing the immediate advances. You can also see the diversion out near Calais to the northeast. The blue shows the scope of campaign to clear the way for the landing, while the red shows Axis defensive encampments and the green shows Axis strategic targets. We associate Operation Overlord with the landing at Normandy, but the air campaign and bomber offensive were a huge and essential component of its success. Here, to show the extent and scope of the mission, are five maps of D-Day: 1. It was an historic day and a major turning point in World War Two, one being remembered worldwide on Friday's 70th anniversary. On June 6, 1944, the Allied forces launched Operation Overlord, better known as D-Day, in which it sent tens of thousands of troops across the English Channel to invade Normandy and begin the assault to liberate Nazi-occupied Western Europe.
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